By LEIDITECH | 02 July 2024 | 0 Comments
From static electricity to surges，Comprehensive protection：Summary of protection design schemes for
In today's digitalization、The era of accelerating electrification，Electronic devices and power systems face unprecedented challenges，Among them, electrostatic discharge(ESD)、Transient events such as surges and lightning strikes have become key factors threatening the stability and lifespan of equipment。From precision consumer electronics products to industrial grade control systems，From Smart Home to New Energy Vehicles，Power safety is crucial at every stage。To ensure the reliable operation of the system and secure transmission of data，Design and implement effectivePower protectionPlans have become an undeniable task for engineers。
Lei Mao has gathered a series of power protection solutions for different voltage levels and application scenarios，Covering lightning protection design for industrial and automotive power systems from low voltage logic level protection to high voltage protection，Intended for power system designers、Electronic product developers and system integrators provide a comprehensive solution、Reference guide for the system。Whether facing 1.8VWeak signal line，Still challenging GundamDC64VEven the complex demand for new energy vehicle charging stations，You will find tailored protection strategies and technical insights here。
Let Lei Mao take you on this exploration journey of power protection，Injecting an indestructible security line into your project。
1.01.8V VCCPower supply electrostatic protection scheme
Advantages of the plan：Used to meetIC VCC 1.8VStatic surge protection，Lei Mao selects the appropriate protective current based on the environment of the power supplyESDdevice；I/OInterface selectionESD01811CDN,，While ensuring signal integrity，adoptElectrostatic testing。
satisfyIEC61000-4-2，Level 4，Contact discharge 30KV，Air discharge 30KV。
1.12.5V VbusPower supply electrostatic protection scheme
Advantages of the plan：Used to meetIC VCC 2.5VStatic surge protection，Lei Mao selects the appropriate protective current based on the environment of the power supplyESDdevice；High speed transmission interface selection with ultra-low capacitanceULC0511CDN，While ensuring signal integrity，Through electrostatic testing。
satisfyIEC61000-4-2，Level 4，Contact discharge 30KV，Air discharge 30KV。
2.13.3V VbusPower supply electrostatic protection scheme
Advantages of the plan：Used to meetIC VCC 3.3VStatic surge protection，Lei Mao selects the appropriate protective current based on the environment of the power supplyESDdevice；High speed transmission interface selection with ultra-low capacitanceULC0511CDN，While ensuring signal integrity，Through electrostatic testing。
satisfyIEC61000-4-2，Level 4，Contact discharge 30KV，Air discharge 30KV。
3.13.7VLithium ion electrostatic surge protection scheme
(stayTVSBackend circuit with sampling resistor added，Its purpose is to block flow，letTVSMore conducive to releasing surges，So as to protect the backend circuit。)
circuit boardLayout for suppressing electrostatic discharge、Electrical fast transient（EFT）Critical and surge transient。Suggest following the following guidelines：
1takeTVSESDTry to be as close as possible to the input terminals or connectors。
2TVS ESDThe path length between protected lines should be minimized。
3Minimize parallel signal paths as much as possible。
4Avoid parallel operation of protective conductors and unprotected conductors。
5Minimize all printed circuit boards（PCB）Conductive circuit，Including power and grounding circuits。
6Minimize the length of the transient return path to ground as much as possible。
7Avoid using shared transient return paths to public grounding points。
8Use ground level as much as possible。For multi-layerPCB，Use grounding through-hole。
The battery of a mobile phone is generally 4．2－－4．5VVoltage of，Exceeding the possibility of charging the phone battery。Accurate protection for battery terminals，Lei Mao ElectronicsRecommended option 4.5V TVS。
4.15VDC power surge protection scheme
Advantages of the plan：Used to meet 5VSurge protection of DC power interface，Lei Mao selects the appropriate protective current based on the environment of the power supply ESD/TVSdevice，satisfyIEC61000‐4‐2，Level 4，Contact discharge 8KV，Air discharge 15KV。If it is necessary to meetIEC61000‐4‐5 High level surge testing requires high power selectionSMCdevice。
5.19VDC power surge protection scheme
Advantages of the plan：Used to meet 9VSurge protection of DC power interface，Lei Mao selects the appropriate protective current based on the environment of the power supply ESD/TVSdevice，satisfyIEC61000-4-2，Level 4，Contact discharge 30KV，Air discharge 30KV。If it is necessary to meetIEC61000-4-5 High level surge testing requires high power selectionSMCdevice。
6.112VDC power surge protection scheme
Advantages of the plan：Used to meet 12VSurge protection of DC power interface，Lei Mao selects the appropriate protective current based on the environment of the power supplyTVSdevice，satisfyIEC61000‐4‐2，Level 4，Contact discharge 8KV，Air discharge 15KV。If it is necessary to meetIEC61000‐4‐5. High level surge testing requires high power selectionSMCdevice。
6.212VSurge protection scheme for automotive power supply
Advantages of the plan：Used to meet the requirements of front mounted vehiclesISO7637‐2 5A5BAtest，Lei Mao adopts a separate high-power systemTVSorPTC+TVSCombination plan，satisfyISO10605‐2，Level 4，Contact discharge 15KV，Air discharge 25KV。
7.115VDC power surge protection scheme
Advantages of the plan：Used to meet 15VSurge protection of DC power interface，Lei Mao selects the appropriate protective current based on the environment of the power supply ESD/TVSdevice，satisfyIEC61000‐4‐2，Level 4，Contact discharge 8KV，Air discharge 15KV。If it is necessary to meetIEC61000‐4‐5 High level surge testing requires high power selectionSMCdevice。
8.118VDC power surge protection scheme
Advantages of the plan：Used to meet 18VSurge protection of DC power interface，Lei Mao selects the appropriate protective current based on the environment of the power supply ESD/TVSdevice，satisfyIEC61000‐4‐2，Level 4，Contact discharge 8KV，Air discharge 15KV。If it is necessary to meetIEC61000‐4‐5 High level surge testing requires high power selectionSMCdevice。
9.124VDC power surge protection scheme
Advantages of the plan：Used to meet 24VSurge protection of DC power interface，Lei Mao selects the appropriate protective current based on the environment of the power supplyTVSdevice，satisfyIEC61000-4-2，Level 4，Contact discharge 8KV，Air discharge 15KV。If it is necessary to meetIEC61000-4-5. High level surge testing requires high power selectionSMCdevice。
9.224VSurge protection scheme for automotive power supply
Advantages of the plan：Used to meet the requirements of front mounted vehiclesISO7637‐2 5A5Btest，Meets Soviet standards，Lei Mao adopts a separate high-power systemTVSor PTC+TVSCombination plan，satisfyISO10605‐2，Level 4，Contact discharge 15KV，Air discharge 25KV。
9.324V DCDC power lightning protection 2KV，Small volume with low residual pressure
Recently, many customers have reported that the lightning protection of DC power supply products is not up to standard，Causing frequent product downtime during use，Suffered heavy losses。
Yes，Everyone has always believed that lightning protection is a problem that requires a significant investment in cost to improve reliability，Now, Lei Mao Electronics has launched a small volume that can provide protectionDC24 DC 2KVNew plan for，For everyone to test and verify。
Here is also a comparison with traditional lightning protection schemes。
1.Traditional solutionsDCPower lightning protection
The traditional protection plan isGDT（3R090‐5S）+MOV（10D470KJ）+Inductor+TVS(SMCJ24CA)Combination protection of，The characteristic of this plan is that it can protect up to 4KVThe surge of，The residual pressure level has been tested at 40Vabout，back-endLDOThe withstand voltage level needs to be relatively high Margin of。
Why do we need so many devices？
Actually, lightning protection requires a layered and graded approach，Layer by layer decomposition of lightning surge，Lowering to the final levelTVSOn the body，It can be safe Exclusion protectionICYes。
GDTUsed for preventing large surges，Heavy lightning strike，But he belongs to switch type protective devices，There will be freewheeling during the testing process，So it needs to be usedMOVPressure sensitive to block demand，They are a natural lightning protection combination，Among all lightning arresters, they are a loving couple。
GDTCeramic discharge tubes have another drawback，The lightning protection speed is slow，Residual pressure is very high, 100V more than，So we need to useTVSContinue to descend Pressure。
butTVSThe reaction speed is very fast，If andGDTParallel placement，Can causeTVSDirectly burn down，So in theTVSPreviously, it was necessary to set up a refund Lotus root circuit。Inductance andPTCIt's a great choice。That's why this circuit is so complex。
2.Lei Mao Optimization New Plan：Single deviceDCPower lightning protection 2KV
If the customer's demand is not that high，Just need 2KVlightning protection，How do we design it？As shown in the following figure
2KVThe surge testoscilloscopeVoltage screenshot，Typical maximum value 32V
LM1K24CAcharacteristic:
- Small packagingSMB
- Low residual pressure，VC=35V，Can be reducedLDOorDC‐DCThe cost of withstanding pressure
- A single one can protect the level up to 2KV
9.428VDC power surge protection scheme
10.136VDC power surge protection scheme
Advantages of the plan：Used to meet 36VSurge protection of DC power interface，Lei Mao selects the appropriate protective current based on the environment of the power supply ESD/TVSdevice，satisfyIEC61000‐4‐2，Level 4，Contact discharge 8KV，Air discharge 15KV。If it is necessary to meetIEC61000‐4‐5 High level surge testing requires high power selectionSMCdevice。
11.148VDC power surge protection scheme
Advantages of the plan：Used to meet 48VSurge protection of DC power interface，Lei Mao selects the appropriate protective current based on the environment of the power supplyTVSdevice，satisfyIEC61000‐4‐2，Level 4，Contact discharge 8KV，Air discharge 15KV。If it is necessary to meetIEC61000‐4‐5. High level surge testing requires high power selectionSMCdevice。
11.2Outdoor equipment 48VDC power surge protection scheme
Advantages of the plan：Meet the requirements of outdoor equipment 48VSurge protection of DC power interface，Lei Mao provides two options for reference。Choose the appropriate protection current based on the operating environment of the device's power supplyTVSdevice，satisfyIEC61000-4-2，Level 4，Contact discharge 8KV，Air discharge 15KV。If it is necessary to meetIEC61000-4-High level surge testing requires the selection of high-power devices。
11.3DC64VDC power supply 6KVSurge protection scheme
Advantages of the plan：DC64VSurge protection lightning protection adopts secondary protection，The first stage uses a varistor for high current absorption，Secondary adoptionTVSMake precise clamping，Using inductance as decoupling in the middle，satisfyIEC61000-4-2，Level 4，Contact discharge 8KV，Air discharge 15KV,Meet 8/20uSCombined wave differential mode、Common mode 6KVtest。
11.4-48VDCSurge protection scheme for non continuous current power supply
Advantages of the plan：Used to meet-48VSurge protection of DC power interface.
Protection level 8/20μs CM/DM:20KA
12.1AC 110VAC power surge protection scheme
Advantages of the plan：Used to meet 110VSurge protection of AC power interface，Lei Mao selects different levels of protective devices based on the environment in which the power supply is located， satisfyIEC61000‐4‐54KV~8KVDifferent levels of testing。
12.2AC 220VAC power surge protection scheme
Advantages of the plan：Used to meet 220VSurge protection of AC power interface，Lei Mao selects different levels of protective devices based on the environment in which the power supply is located， satisfyIEC61000‐4‐54KV~8KVDifferent levels of testing。
13.1AC 380VAC power surge protection scheme
Advantages of the plan：Used to meet 380VSurge protection of AC power interface，Lei Mao selects different levels of protective devices based on the environment in which the power supply is located， satisfyIEC61000‐4‐54KV~8KVDifferent levels of testing。
14.1LEDPower rectification scheme
IBSencapsulationRectifier bridge，It is currently the smallest SMT rectifier bridge in the industry。 IB‐SSeries specialized forLEDLighting field。
The rectifier bridge consists of four componentsdiodeform，Plays a rectifying role in the circuit，Not only can it connect AC power to convert it into DC power，It is also possible to connect direct current to make the direct current output non-polar。Can be applied toLEDIntelligent lightingSwitching Mode Power Supply、Lamp beads, etc。
15.1Mobile phone fast chargingPD/TYPE-C Interface protection
PDThe full name of isUSBPower Delivery Specification，yesUSBA fast charging standard launched by the standardization organization。This plan adoptsleiditech SD24CW（encapsulationSOD‐323 24V）Can effectively protect plug-in static electricity and surges，Mature application in a large number of cases。
（USB PD Fast charging 15W 27W 45W）
- VBUSCharging and powering mobile phones
- CC1/CC2To configure channels（Configuration Channel） CC1/CCThe main functions of the 2 pins：
a.Connection of detection data cables、Distinguish between front and back insertion of data cables、Distinguishing master-slave devices b.allocationVBUS(haveUSB TYPE_CandUSB Power DeliveryTwo modes)
c.Configure other modes，When using audio accessories
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
Some plans will applyTX1/RX1 TX2/RX2 D+D‐Pin
TX1/RX1TX2/RX2byUSB3.1. Data transmission，At presentType‐cThe type of phone only uses one set D+D‐byUSB2.0 data transmission signal
More high current electrostatic surge protection、Small packageESDPlease refer to the table below
15.2USB-PDStatic surge protection scheme for fast charging power interface
Advantages of this plan：The acceptable input range for the solution provided by Lei Mao is 90 VAC ~ 265 VAC，The output range is 5 V ~ 20 V，The maximum output power is 65 W。 The following is a topology diagram，Add one at the output endTVS ，It can provide certain protection against electrostatic surges，Protect the output electronic devices of the rear stage，This topology is for reference onlyTVSPlaced in，Not as actualcircuit diagramuse（The actual circuit is quite complex）。
16.1Apple charging cable circuit protection
Recommended by Lei Mao ElectronicsP‐18V MOSFET
17.1lowVF Schottky power supply anti reverse connection scheme
Lei Mao adopts three low-pressure drop valvesSKY，Lower power consumption compared to using only one chip，Can preventcomponentsuperheat
（Comparison formula for normal working losses between the two：
1.Using 1 pieceSS34LVFA：P=VF*IF=0.42V*3A=1.26W
2.Using 1 pieceSS34LVFA：P=VF*IF=0.31V*1A*3=0.93W)
Surge protection for DC power interface，Suitable protection current can be selected based on the environment of the power supplyTVSandSKYdevice，Effectively using To prevent reverse connection。
satisfyISO61000‐4‐2（Level 4）Contact discharge 30kV，air Discharge 30kV。If it is necessary to meetIEC61000‐4‐5. High level surge testing requires high power selectionSMCEncapsulated devices。
17.2lowIR Schottky power supply anti reverse connection scheme
Lei Mao adopts 2 low leakage current sensorsSKY，One per power cord，Low leakage current is more energy-efficient，Can be applied in switch mode power supplies with high leakage current。
Surge protection for DC power interface，Suitable protection current can be selected based on the environment of the power supplyTVSandSKYdevice，have Effective for preventing reverse connections。
satisfyISO61000‐4‐2（Level 4）Contact discharge 30kV，air Discharge 30kV。If it is necessary to meetIEC61000‐4‐5. High level surge testing requires high power selectionSMCEncapsulated devices。
This solution is particularly suitable for one end battery，Anti reverse connection for one end charging，Special energy-saving
18.1DCDCDC conversion power surge protection
Advantages of the plan：Used to meetDCDCDC conversion 12V/24VPower surge protection，Schottky anti reverse connection protection，Choose the appropriate protection current for the environment in which the power supply is locatedTVSdevice，TVSChoose Lei MaoSM8Sseries，High power 6600W，satisfyIEC61000-4-5 surges high Level testing。
19.1silicon carbideSICNew Energy Vehicle Charging Station Scheme
Background of scheme application：Electric Vehicle Charging，Require high power、High direct current、Large capacity、Fast charging of high-voltage batteries、high reliability、high efficiency、Minimal heat production，So we need a small loss，Fast speed，High power devices。Leimao silicon carbideSIC Diodes andSIC MOSFETImportant circuits that can be applied to charging stationsPFCAnd the entire bridgeLLC，Improve power factor，Improve system efficiency and reliability。
Advantages of the plan：Lei MaoSICFast diode reverse recovery time、High voltage withstand、Extremely low switching loss。Lei MaoSICMOSFETFast switching speed、Capable of achieving high withstand voltage and high current、high efficiency、High power density、Small and lightweight module size，Lower cost。
20.1Lightning protection, anti-static and anti rev
Lei Mao's one-stop solution to electrostatic surge and interface safety in electronic equipment
USBStatic and surge protection of interfaces
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